The Causes Of World War I Essays - Causes Of World War I

The Causes Of World War I Essays - Causes Of World War I The Causes of World War I The First World War had many causes; the historians probably have not yet discovered and discussed all of them so there might be more causes than what we know now. The spark of the Great War was the assassination of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, and his wife by a Serbian nationalist on the morning of June 28, 1914, while traveling in a motorcade through Sarajevo, the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Archduke was chosen as a target because Serbians feared that after his ascension to the throne, he would continue the persecution of Serbs living within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The Serbian terrorist organization, the Black Hand, had trained a small group of teenage operatives to infiltrate Bosnia and carry out the assassination of the Archduke. It is unclear how officially active the Serbian government was in the plot. However, it was uncovered years later that the leader of the Black Hand was also the head of Serbian military intelligence. In order to underezd the complexity of the causes of the war, it is very helpful to know what was the opinion of the contemporaries about the causes of the Great War. In the reprint of the article "What Started the War", from August 17, 1915 issue of The Clock magazine published on the Internet the author writes: "It is thought that this war that is been ongoing for over a year, began with the assassination of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand. However, many other reasons led to this war, some occurring as far back the late 1800's. Nationalism, militarism, imperialism, and the system of alliances were four main factors that pressed the great powers towards this explosive war." According to the article above, the author stresses that the nationalism was one of the primary causes of the war. In the ninetieth and twentieth centuries, especially after the French Revolution nationalism was becoming a powerful force in Europe so people that had the same culture, language wanted their own country. And that was the problem for the government of Austria-Hungary that did not want to lose their power and control. The Slavs in the southern part of the empire were their main concern since they wanted to join up to Serbia. Militarism is the second cause according to the article above, which comes after the nationalism. To underezd what the author means by militarism one should be familiar with the situation of the world in the beginning of the century, which was the result of both industrial and democratic revolutions. Britain at that time was the largest empire in the world, and it also had the largest navy. The navy was so big and strong because the Britons needed to protect their empire and maintain the sea routes between the different colonies. The Kaiser William II of Germany hated and envied Britain for having a stronger navy than his. He increased the German navy and built many warships. Britain responded with building more ships and increasing its navy too. This started a race for building more and better warships and it created tension and competition between those two countries. Imperialism and the system of alliances are the last two major causes of the War. There was a quarrel between France and Germany about controlling the colonies, and especially Morocco, which leads to a greater conflict, the Great War. Europe at that time was divided into two rival alliance systems: Triple Entente that included Great Britain, France, and Russia and the Triple Alliance, which included the Central Powers of Austria-Hungary, Germany, and eventually the Ottoman Turkish Empire. Austria-Hungary must take a large proportion of any blame for the outbreak of war in 1914. The reason for Germany's part in the causes involves Germany's "blank Check" policy. Before sending its ultimatum to Serbia, Austria needed to be sure of the support of its ally, Germany. Such support was forthcoming in the form of a telegram to the Emperor Franz Joseph on 6 July 1914. The telegram has become known to history as the "Blank Check". In order to balance the power, France and Russia signed an alliance. Russia saw itself as the 'protector

Instagram Influencer Marketing How to Get it Right in 6 Steps

Instagram Influencer Marketing How to Get it Right in 6 Steps Why tell the world how wonderful you are when you can get someone else to do it and make 1000 times the impact? Big name department stores have fashion bloggers on their payroll because their target market is influenced by the say-so of the people they engage with daily. They’ve recognized that people’s purchasing behaviour has changed. A  Nielsen survey  found that only 33 percent of people trust advertisements while 90 percent trust peer recommendations. And Instagram is where peer recommendations are happening more than ever. Instagram influencer marketing  may just be the golden ticket that provides your business with access to a huge pool of potential customers. If you follow the right strategy†¦ Instagram Influencer Marketing: How to Get it Right in 6 Steps by @acquireconvert via @ Table of Contents: Whats In This Post? What Exactly is an Instagram Influencer? How Powerful is Instagram Influencer Marketing? STEP 1: Define What Success Looks Like to You STEP 2: Identify the Right Influencers to Partner With STEP 3: Refine Your Pitch to Influencers and Increase the Chances of a Response STEP 4: Design and Optimize Your Influencer Campaigns STEP 5: Follow Best Practices and Maintain Transparency STEP 6: Track the Success of Your Strategy How Much Does It Cost? Who Should Be Using Influencer Marketing? A Problem With Instagram Influencers (And a Solution) What You’re About to Discover†¦ When the retailer Lord Taylor  enlisted the help of 50 influential names in fashion on Instagram, its strategy involved all influencers wearing the same dress which promptly sold out by the end of the weekend. How can you start getting a piece of the action? Instagram influencer marketing is more challenging than most marketing strategies on the platform especially if you’re just starting out. Everyone  wants a ‘piece’ of the influencers that’s why they’re influencers! Your efforts will fall flat on their face without a strong guiding strategy. But the potential rewards are huge. You’re probably not ready just yet to ask Prince Harry and Meghan to endorse your brand.  But that’s OK. Any size business can use influencer marketing. The main question is: how do you get the right influencers sitting up and taking notice? That’s what I’ll take you through here. As well as clearing up a myth or two about influencers, you’ll learn why Instagram influencer marketing is so powerful, what it costs, and what types of businesses it’s for. Most importantly, I’ll take you through a series of six practical steps covering: How to create an influencer marketing strategy that can be measured Who you should be trying to partner with How to approach influencers and actually get a response The types of influencer campaign you can run: Best practices transparency and disclosure Tracking how your campaigns are going Before we get into the practicalities of your strategy, let’s understand a little more about Instagram influencer marketing and why it’s so powerful†¦ Make @instagram influencer marketing easier with these free templates What Exactly is an Instagram Influencer? When you think ‘influencer’, do you think ‘celebrity’? If so, you’re only partly  right; celebrities ARE often influencers but not all influencers are A-listers. In fact, most aren’t like this chap: So let’s not restrict ourselves to Ronaldo, Beyoncà ©, Taylor Swift, and Jay-Z. As well as celebrity A-listers or ‘top tier’ Instagram influencers, you have: ‘Macro’ influencers  - those who have built up a very large Instagram following in their specialist area (generally 10,000 plus) ‘Micro’ influencers  - those who have built up a smaller but highly engaged Instagram following (generally 1000 - 10,000 or more) For our purposes, we’ll focus less on the celebrities and more on the two other types of influencers - because we want results, not pipe dreams. Only 3 percent of buyers are influenced by celebrity endorsements in their purchase decisions, according to a 2016 Collective Bias survey. And, according to Google, The Top 25 YouTube stars attract 12 times more comments than traditional celebrities. We’ll get into who exactly who you should be targeting in STEP TWO  below. For now, it’s enough to recognize that Instagram influencers have significant networks of followers and enough ‘pull’ to be able to sway opinion amongst followers. By engaging these influencers in marketing initiatives, we tap into their ability to build favorable sentiment towards us and our products. Curious to know what #Instagram influencer marketing is all about? Check out this guide from... How Powerful is Instagram Influencer Marketing? Ever since brands started hiring celebrities to wear their trainers, carry their designer bags, or endorse their sports gear, the power of influencer marketing has been no secret. It’s why you see David Beckham collections in HM stores. That it has come to Instagram should be no surprise. Everyone from YouTubers to Tweeters, Facebookers and Snapchatters have been dabbling in it in recent years. In 2016 for instance, Twitter reported  that: Nearly 40% of users claim to have made a purchase as a direct result of a tweet from an influencer Elsewhere, the Collective Bias survey mentioned earlier reported that: 70% of millennial consumers are influenced by recommendations from their peers in buying decisions Instagram as a marketing vehicle has been on a sharp upward trajectory over the past few years. As a result, Hashoff reports  that 91.9 percent of 150,000 influencers chose Instagram as their number one platform. With 800 million active users, the potential is obvious. But standing out from the crowd has become ever-more challenging when all the smartest kids on the block are marketing the hell out of Instagram. Instagram influencer marketing can set you apart. Let’s go†¦ Recommended Reading: The Best Guide on How to Use Instagram For Business STEP 1: Define What Success Looks Like to You All the best marketing strategies are measurable. Set out with some expectations, goals, and KPIs in mind. This will help you decide not only which influencers you partner with (STEP 2) but what type of campaigns you run (STEP 4) and what you will end up tracking (STEP 6). Here are a few of the most important questions to consider when working out your goals: Do you want to increase brand awareness in general? Do you want to simply gain more followers and more engagement? Do you hope to expand your reach? By how much? Are you hoping to increase click-throughs (store traffic)? Is the main aim to increase sales of a particular product (like the Lord Taylor dresses)? Do you hope to raise revenue in general? If so, by how much? Are you looking to increase conversion rates? Do you want to raise awareness about a particular event? Do you need help making a splash with a startup launch? Is the main aim to find brand reps to work with on an ongoing basis? If there's a way to add a fun illustration to represent each goal, that'd be cool if time allows. Identify precisely what you want to achieve and then how you’re going to measure success. This will help decide the types of engagement levels, reach, and traffic you need from your partner influencers, as well as how much you’re willing to spend. Here's how to decide the engagement levels, reach, and traffic you need from your Instagram... . STEP 2: Identify the Right Influencers to Partner With If there’s one golden rule for Instagram influencer marketing it would be this: make sure you find the right influencers. It’s easier said than done: two-thirds of marketers consider finding relevant influencers their biggest challenge, according to a joint study  by Tapinfluence and Altimeter. It’s made easier by a wide range of tools  specifically designed to identify influencers that suit you. Find out more about these tools here  but let’s assume that you’re trying to work it out without their help. Where do you start? What should you be looking for in an influencer? Firstly, let’s return to the three basic types of Influencers: Celebrity influencers ‘Macro’ influencers ‘Micro’ influencersHere are three different types of Instagram influencers to knowWhy Focus on Micro-Influencers? The vast majority of small businesses should focus on micro influencers and perhaps a few macro influencers. Most can forget about celebrities. If you’re a food brand, you might think ‘Jamie Oliver’ at first but you need to get more realistic. Besides, there’s plenty of evidence to suggest that aiming smaller is more effective. The Collective Bias survey referred to above found that 30 percent of consumers were more likely to buy a product recommended by a non-celebrity blogger  whereas only 3 percent were influenced by celebrity endorsements. (Note: this applies to influencer marketing in general rather than just Instagram.) People often find it hard to relate to celebrities. While they may dream to be like Beyoncà © or LeBron James, it’s a fantasy world. And always at the back of the mind is the question: â€Å"Are they just saying that because they’re getting paid for it?† The opinions of people a little closer to home are more trusted  and believable. The best Instagram influencers may be experts in their field; they are influencers because they’ve earned it and risen through their niche; but they’re mainly people like you and me rather than big-name actresses, singers, or sports personalities (i.e. from another niche or even another planet!) There are exceptions but the general rule is to find influencers who are prominent in the specific niche that you play in. Their audience is the same as yours so it helps you get really targeted and in front of the right people. For instance, if you sell women’s shoes, it makes sense to target micro-influencers in ‘women’s shoes’ rather than ‘women’s accessories’ or ‘women’s fashion’. Some micro-influencers may not even consider themselves as an ‘influencer’ until you approach them - even better! They’re more likely to be authentic and won’t have an Instagram feed full of product endorsements; so their support of you will seem more selective. Ten posts from well-selected micro influencers will normally be less of a risk and may be more effective than one from a celebrity. Ten posts from well-selected micro influencers will normally be less of a risk and may be more...Their recommendations appear like authentic recommendations from friends. This encourages more engagement between the influencer and the audience - which is better for you. With limited budgets, multiple posts from micro-influencers are also good for increasing the amount of content out there about you and your brand - especially if content is simultaneously published by several influencers. Suddenly this has the effect of making your brand look ‘bigger’ and more ‘buzzy’. Recommended Reading: Everything You Need to Know About Instagram Analytics to Smash Your Goal The all-important metrics to look out for OK, so you’ve decided on targeting micro influencers. What metrics should you be looking at? The wrong influencers can be expensive mistakes, remember. So invest time into the prep work. Here are the most common metrics to pay attention to: Industry niche - usually there must be an intersection between their niche and yours. If you specialize in yellow hats, make sure they have a strong connection to yellow hats too. Engagement levels of posts - are followers deeply engaged with posts - liking, commenting and sharing? (At least 2-4% and ideally higher). Use tools like Iconosquare,  Tapinfluence  or  Sprout Social  to help calculate engagement levels. Follower numbers - this has become less important than engagement as Instagram’s algorithm has changed. Follower quality -  does the influencer’s audience reflect the quality of potential customer you’re looking for? A good example of follower makeup/quality trumping everything was when HP Australia  partnered with 20 Instagram fashion influencers  to promote the HP Spectre laptop. While they play in very different niches, HP wanted to reach a young audience that was well-aligned to the fashion influencers. The results? 62,943 direct engagements with campaign content and almost a million consumers reached. Traffic - how much web traffic does the influencer generate? Post costs - how much do they charge for posts? Does it realistically fit within your budget? You probably can’t afford what Kim Kardashian West charged for this one†¦ Location - is the influencer’s location important to you and your followers or for marketing your products/services? Are you going global or hoping for more of a local uptake? In general, go for balance. Raw follower numbers are a poor yardstick to use on their own because the temptation to go for huge follower numbers may ignore a lack of engagement. Celebrities may have hundreds of thousands or even millions of followers but low engagement levels.  A survey by Markerley  of over 800,000 Instagram accounts with over 1000 followers found that: Influencers with 10-100,000 followers were most effective at providing a balance of engagement and reach; Influencers with fewer than 1000 followers get their audiences to like their posts 8% of the time and comment 0.5% of the time Instagram influencers with 10 million+ followers get their audiences to like their posts 1.6% of the time and comment 0.04% of the time. In most cases, target micro influencers who already have a strong affinity with your niche and who, preferably, are experts in the field. And while lower follower numbers may limit your potential audience initially, it may help your case for building a strong influencer partnership. You should also tailor this advice towards your target market. According to Twitter, youngsters 13-25 lean heavily towards social media influencers while people over 45 tend to prefer established, household names. Beware!   It’s not unknown for some unscrupulous influencers to buy followers to boost their appeal to businesses. Some may even artificially boost engagement rates with automated comments. Do your homework on influencers and avoid those with questionable followings or repetitive or bland comments. If something seems fishy, it probably is! Final tip:   Don’t limit yourself to human influencers! Get creative: pet care companies often partner with ‘influencer animals’: cute dogs, cats (or raccoons) with large followings (1.5 million) for instance: STEP 3: Refine Your Pitch to Influencers and Increase the Chances of a Response So you’ve boiled it down to a shortlist of influencers you want to target. What next? Before we look at how you contact them, let’s get into the mind of an influencer a little. Why are they doing what they do and how can you demonstrate the right approach to working with them? Are there any approaches that will increase the likelihood of successful outcomes? Influencers won’t necessarily agree to work with you just because you pay them. In fact, you want your influencer to be choosy because it means they’re authentic and interested in alignment and quality, above all. So here are some basic ground-rules to follow: Ensure that you make it easy for your influencer to understand how your brand aligns with their own values: Crowdtap found  that influencers value work that is aligned to their own; create an easy-to-read one-page overview of what your brand represents. Here’s how Fast Company does it on their website: Show respect to influencers you approach - as you would any potential publisher of your content: this was considered vital to influencers interviewed by Crowdtap in their survey. Guarantee the freedom for influencers to express themselves creatively - don’t try to dictate terms to them; it’s their audience and they know their followers better than you. If you’ve selected the right influencer and are well-aligned, trust them to talk to their target audience in a way that will get your own message across and produce win-wins. Keep it authentic - trying to fake it with influencers won’t work. They’ll see through you - and they won’t jeopardize their relationship with their followers for you! â€Å"...when working with influencers, brands have to let go and allow influencers control of the narrative to preserve the authenticity of what is being communicated.† Priyanka Dayal, content marketing manager at Centaur Media PLC. Work directly with the influencer rather than going through a marketing agency- they just prefer it  that way. Tracking Down Your Influencers Now- how do you actually find and get in contact with your influencers?   Fortunately, the Instagram search engine makes it relatively easy to search for influencers. Here’s what you do: Search for hashtags that relate to your industry. For a men’s shoe store you might look for #mensleathershoes: Identify more hashtags by clicking on posts in the search results and exploring what other hashtags they use. Try each of these hashtags - they needn’t all contain the word â€Å"shoes†. They can be closely related to shoes. The posts with the most engagement are listed at the top - these are usually from influential Instagrammers: Examine the accounts of leading posts with these hashtags. Check for content, frequency of posting, engagement levels, follower quality, etc. Really do your homework before identifying them as candidates. Have you found a potential influencer? Beyond this, there are several tools that you can use to make life easier with finding and contacting influencers. These are covered in some detail here. Recommended Reading: Instagram Marketing Strategy: How to Build One the Best Way Outreach to Your Influencers Understand that you’ll be most effective if you look to build a relationship  with your influencer. One direct message is not going to cut it. Use your communication and relationship-building skills rather than treating it as a single ‘transaction’. Assuming you don’t use one of the influencer search engines included in the tools mentioned above, expect to contact your influencers multiple times by direct messaging (DM) or email. For DM-ing: tap  Ã‚  in the top right of FEED. From there, you can  send messages and manage received messages. For email, you can ask for an email address, if it is not listed on their bio. Note that DM is not available on the browser versions of Instagram. You’ll need to download the desktop app to use on a PC; it is however included in the mobile versions of the app. You’re ready to start your outreach to your influencers: 1. A very brief initial introduction message  to test the water and to pop your head up on their radar. Make sure you’re knowledgeable about your influencer and sincere. You don’t want it to sound like spam! Something like this: â€Å"Hi Melanie! This is Jon from XYZ here. Your Instagram content is pretty inspiring and aligns closely with what we’re trying to do. I see quite a few similarities with your values and ours - particularly your XXXX and your XXXX. We’d love to work with you. If you’re interested in making that possible, let me know and I’ll call at your convenience.† 2. Follow up according to their response: if NO - thank them and point out that the door is always open. If YES - email or call to discuss details (what you’re trying to achieve, what your budget is, etc.) 3. Even after you have run the campaign, stay in in contact with your influencer  and share their content if it’s of use to your followers. Who knows when you can hook up again? STEP 4: Design and Optimize Your Influencer Campaigns There are many creative ways to set up campaigns once influencers agree to work with you. Start to collaborate to create more brand awareness, promote certain products or services, or achieve other goals defined in STEP ONE. Before you get going, you might like to create and share a mood board  with your influencer, as a guideline for the content of posts. This can help the creative direction of posts - though typically, remember, influencers like their own freedom of expression. So play this one by ear. Some of the most common types of influencer campaigns are: Sponsored Posts This is when influencers provide exposure for particular products or services by creating a post that you pay them for. Contests Give your Instagram contest a boost by getting an influencer to either run it on their account or to promote it to their followers: Branded Content Work with your influencer to weave your brand name or products into their content in informative or entertaining ways that engage their followers- and get your message across: Reviews A thorough review of your product or service can educate and inform your target audience, building trust through a peer recommendation from an influencer. Brand Rep Programs Brand reps are influencers that you send free products to; enthusiasts in your field who may appreciate the quality of your products and communicate it to their followers†¦ Influencer Takeovers Some influencers will agree to take over your Instagram account for a day. This will be appreciated by your existing followers and should attract the influencer’s followers to your account, expanding your potential following: Campaign Optimization Tips Create branded hashtags:  For each campaign, decide on a hashtag that suits your products or brand. Then all influencers can use this hashtag, helping to build identity and consistency for your brand. Get promoting yourself:  Just because you have an influencer in charge of posting content for a while doesn’t mean you can sit back and watch the sales roll in. Do your own promotional stuff too.

Final exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Final exam - Essay Example The chain can be single layered Advantages of inter-organisational system in supply chain management For this kind of system the advantages are many. Like in the case of electronic data interchange (EDI) system. Each and every department of the system comes to know about the development Challenges of inter-organisational system in supply chain management Managing different motives and interests: If the objectives of the links of the chains are different from each other, then it becomes difficult to co-ordinate the process. If the objective of one organisation is to cost minimisation and play in volume and the other one’s policy is no compromise with quality and serving the niche market. Then it becomes complicated. Difficulty due to geographic differences: If the links of the chain are scattered across the globe the logistics becomes tough. There are cases where one component of raw material is ready and another component is not then the work gets stalled Answer-2 Digital econ omy is economy driven by digital technologies. It is basically Internet economy or ecommerce. In this system, internet or online channels are being used to do business and getting payment. Different kind of transactions takes place. It can be Business to Consumer (B2C), Business to Business (B2B) or Government to Consumer (G2C). Online retail businesses are the examples of B2C model. Organizations like e-Bay or Amazon .com are following the model. Here retail consumers buy goods and services online and make the payment too in online through cards or bank transfer. In the case of B2B the transaction takes place between two business entities. Metal junction is the example of it. When a sovereign makes payment may be salary, pension or other to the consumers directly, that comes under G2C. Due to many reasons the growth of digital economy is taking place. 1990 onwards companies shifted to e commerce Multi-channel: To develop the business, organization wants to tap maximum possible chan nels. Apart from conventional ways of doing business, they are trying a new avenue. Low cost virtual market: Online market is not the actual market rather a virtual market. It is being loved by the younger generation. As it does not require maintaining the establishment or infrastructure of the shop or the market it requires less cost compared to actual physical market. Accuracy and Quick Response: In the online business intermediaries have a role to play. Neither business owner nor end buyers like to go through intermediaries. As direct communication is taking place, accuracy and quick response is ensured. That saves cost from both ends. Online Banking and International and Multiple-Currency Banking: Online banking has revolutionised the system of online transaction. When the system came where international multiple currency transaction took place it became the whole process further easier. Debit card and credit card have become part regular life. Even today no good organisation is there who does not have a digital wing. For some it is an online selling unit or for some it is only a website .However, Digital economy is the future of the world. As the number of internet user is increasing day by day it is expected that the online business will surpass the physical business volume soon. Answer -3 Client department is one of the most vital departments among organizations. Hardly any organization can survive without servicing their clients. Business always runs with the help of repeat customer.

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 24

Summary - Essay Example Lake opposes this misperception, as he asserts that Herring did not cut Jordan to underestimate him and to choose a taller player only, but because he and his staff knew that Jordan needs further preparation. Instead of being an unfair coach, Lake shows Herring as a real person with real contributions to, not only Jordan’s growth as a basketball player, but as a person, and a real person with his own challenges, and not just someone who consciously failed to see Jordan’s greatness. Lake introduces the hardships of choosing who gets to be varsity players and how Herring follows objective criteria in the selection process, contrary to what Jordan and many others believe. Lake goes back a little more than three decades ago to the place where the infamous cutting occurred. He describes the anxiety that grips adolescents who merely want to prove their basketball worth and to hone themselves better as varsity players. After that, he illustrates the kind of man that Pop is. He is called Pop because he is more than a basketball coach. He acted more like a father in how he trains his players every day and how he welcomes them to his house like family. Lake zooms into the actual tryout date, emphasizing the difference between Mike, Michael Jordan’s high school nickname, then and now in terms of height and basketball skills. He underlines that Mike is as competitive as he is now as he was in his youth, but he was an average shooter during the tryouts. Lake also ex plains that the selection process is objective, where a group of coaches compares notes before everything is finalized. He emphasizes that Jordan was a sophomore then and sophomores rarely get chosen for the senior varsity list, and that, in opposite to what many people, including Jordan himself, believed, Mike did get to the jayvee (junior) roster list. Lake proves that Pop

Martin Luther King Jr. Essay Example for Free

Martin Luther King Jr. Essay Two of his accomplishments were the Montgomery Bus Boycott which ended racial segregation starting with Rosa Parks being arrested for not giving up her seat on the bus which was illegal due to racial segregation laws. Qualities that made him a great leader was that he had the ability to shape a vision that was compelling enough to make others believe in it and participate in it. He had a strong system of values and morals. He was also courageous, decisive, bold, and strong. The path that led him to being a great leader started when he became a pastor. Afterward he became a civil rights activist, a humanitarian, and was involved in the African-american civil rights movement. Qualities of Martin Luther King Jr that I would want to emulate would be having the courage to stand up for what I believe even if it meant being hated by many people. Ultimately he was courageous enough to die for what he believed and I would hope to want to do the same if I truly believed in something that much. A world leader that I think was bad for their followers is Fidel Castro. Qualities that made him a bad leader was that he was power hungry and did whatever he wanted to retain that power even if included suppressing his own people through violence. He exerted power over others by using brutal punishment if people did not obey his every command. He used coercion in order to rule. He also used his position as president to withhold resources from his people. His leadership skills that contributed to bad results were using brute force  and severe punishment to gain control over his people. He would use firing squads to prove his severity when punishing those who stood up to him. References Fidel Castros greatest atrocities and crimes Introduction | Babalà º Blog. (2014, June 7). Retrieved January 26, 2015, from http://babalublog.com/fidel-castros-greatest-atrocities-and-crimes/ Martin Luther King Jr. (2015). The Biography.com website. Retrieved 05:43, Jan 25, 2015, from http://www.biography.com/people/martin-luther-king-jr-9365086.

The Human Genome Project Essay -- Genetics Science Technology Papers

The Human Genome Project Almost every aspect that makes a person unique is due to genetic factors, from the color of an individual's eyes to the functions of white blood cells. The one thing that makes an individual's unique characteristics the hardest to understand is the fact that it is all composed of four bases in different patterns. These patterns of adenine, thiamine, guanine and cytosine are the only things that differ one human from the next. This genetic code is contained in every cell that is found in the human body. Gregor Mendel first discovered the foundations of inheritance in the nineteenth century. His discovery was the basis that has now made it possible for humans to learn more about the genetic code. Mendel's discovery has now turned in to a multi-billion dollar project. This project is known as the Human Genome Project (HGP). Brief History The HGP began as a joint effort between the Department of Energy (DOE) and the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH). The Department of Energy's initial reason for entering the project was to was to gain a better understanding of the potential health risks that were involved in energy use and the production of energy, especially the risks involved with radiation. Two years after the DOE proposed the idea of sequencing the entire human genome the NIH joined in the effort. The foundations of the project were laid and two years later, in 1990, the project was begun. The project was originally laid out to be a fifteen-year program that would have a budget estimated at three billion dollars (1). The DOE and the NIH established five major goals for the HGP. The first goal is to identify all of the genes in human DNA. This goal is phenomenal when it is co... ...GR Announce Formation of New Genomics Company." Obtained from the WWW: http://www.tigr.org/new/press_release_may98.html 6) Website #6: Human Genome Project Information. "Facts About Genome Sequencing." Obtained from the WWW: http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/faq/seqfacts.html 7) Website #7: "Tools of the Trade." Obtained from the WWW: http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/tko/05_tools.html 8) Website #8: "Exploring the Genomic Landscape." Obtained from the WWW: http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/tko/04_exploring.html 9) Website #9: DOE Human Genome Program Report. "Capillary Array Electrophoresis." Obtained from the WWW: http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/publicat/97pr/04g_sequ.html 10) Karanjawala, Zarir E. "Genetics in the Context of Medical Practice." The Journal of the American Medical Association. Nov. 4 1998, v280n17, p1533. Student Essay List

Psle in Singapore Debate Essay

In this commentary, I chose my artefact as a newspaper article on PSLE stress because of many reasons. 1) I had always harbored a strong interest on what everyone is saying about this hot topic and it seemed very interesting, stating just one problem that Singapore currently face. 2) Other than that, it is a topic that is easy to research, unlike some historic things which are little-mentioned (e.g. the banana note, the merdeka talks,etc) 3) Last but not least,it is a topic that is widely discussed on and more sources can be found My view on the issue of PSLE Singaporeans have long since been debating whether to remove PSLE. I personally do not think that PSLE should be removed. On the issue of abolishing PSLE, my concern is if we do not have the PSLE, when it comes to the entrance to secondary schools, how do you decide who goes to which school? I sometimes wish we were a bit like Hogwarts in Harry Potter, where you have the sorting hat that decides which house you go to. But in reality, we do not have a sorting hat and how do we decide who goes to which school? If you did not do it according to grades and scores, how would you do it? Another way would be to do it geographically, where you go into the secondary school nearest to your home, but if you did that, everybody will be fighting to be in the primary school near the secondary school you want to be in. PSLE assess how much you have learnt over the six years in primary school and then allocates you to a secondary school according to your abilities and/or choice. If you remove it, you might as well say to remove all exams. On abolishing PSLE, let’s presume we do away with it, then how do we decide who goes to which school? If which school you are going is decided on ‘does the Principal know your father or your mother?’ then it’s not a very meritocratic system nor is it acceptable. It is totally, I think, against Singapore’s system. If it is to be decided by the distance and you live very near a very good school, can you imagine the pressure to enter a primary school that is near the secondary school you want to go to. If a sudent had done very badly, but he or she stays very near a good secondary school, he would get in, but a person who did better and stays lets say 10km away would not be able to enter if according to that policy. Imagine how disapp ointed he or she will feel. One question, is that fair? No doubt many people would say it is not.There is a whole range of scenarios that will come up if Singapore removes PSLE as the sorting exam. The question is how will Singapore deal with it? The real angst about PSLE is the pressure, and the real reason why you have the pressure is that parents perceive that certain schools will give the advantage of getting into university. So, the answer would maybe be to try to make sure that across the board, every school is a good school and that society should change their mindset that a child needs to get into a good school in order to get into university ( which acoording to a survey, is a goalfor many paents. One of the goals of the Singapore government would be ( I think)to make sure that no matter which school students go to, you have a chance to get into a university and even if you do not get into a university, the other options are also pathways to success. I hope that under this system, each person can be the best he or she can be, whether or not that person has a university degree. Why is PSLE bad? 1)Poor education system However, just because I do not think PSLE should be removed doesn’t mean that I totally think it should remain the same. I think, PSLE should not have such a big effect on what type of school a secondary student goes to. In PSLE, the focus tends to be on the aggregate score, which reports each student’s overall performance in comparison with the entire cohort. It’s called a T-score, or transformed score. It’s derived through a certain computation and basically provides a ranking of the entire cohort.* The T-score itself doesn’t actually tell the student how well he has performed in each subject or across all the subjects. In affect, it is a queue number. Thus, I think, to put the stress off the students’ shoulder a little. PSLE should form only about 35% of the final grades. This system also has its benefits as the students will not be so focused on the final examination. They might slack for five years and only start to really work when they are in primary 6. I have the same opinion on all the other major exams too. Also, more weight should be placed on continual assessments, conducted on every semester. Everything is more manageable when it is broken into small parts. This will reduce stress amongst students, and allow individual topics to get the attention deserved. Right now, PSLE encourages parents and students to â€Å"spot† possible exam questions, and prepare for those to the exclusion of all else. If every year’s mark have a large part in the final grade, the students will be more encouraged to work hard and it will be more competitive, resulting in better and smarter young Singaporeans, allowing the country to prosper more. This can happen if we followed the education system that I mentioned other than using other means like, tuition, etc†¦ 2)Encourages poor methods of studying Also, PSLE studying and actual learning have had a bad divorce. The methods common to passing PSLE are: †¢ Ask how, not why. †¢ Don’t experiment or try to be original. Follow what’s worked before, and just copy. †¢ Learn only exam topics. Treat everything else as unimportant. †¢ Memorize model answers, as if they’re cheat codes for a video game. Teachers who try to stray from the path are hammered down. There’s no room for exploration, discourse, or general knowledge. It’s not that students are unaware of this. They know these are bad teaching methods. But the importance of PSLE results overshadows their awareness. When an exam threatens to determine most of a child’s future, fear drives the curriculum (this has happened to me before) On the topic of tuition Ideally, the aim of the education system is that you should be able to pass your exams without tuition. That said, many parents still think that it is necessary for children to have tuition in order for them to do better; not in all the schools but certainly in a percentage of them. My view is that it should not be the case that because you cannot afford tuition you should not be able to pass your exam, which is why MOE has introduced the Learning Support Programmes in schools, mentioned by Minister of education minister Heng at the last Committee Of Supply Debate. The schools are putting a lot more resources to help students who have difficulty with subjects to help them level up. People generally think that Singapore has a good education system and that we are not deprived of a good education. But I do get the sense that many people think that the learning field is not level. The running track (describing the field in which where Singaporeans learn) is the same for everybody. It is just that those from the less affluent backgrounds are coming on with the plain sneakers and the one from the better affluent ones are coming with the branded sneakers which give you more comfort and support. The idea is that, if the playing field is not equal because there are some students who come from families with better resources, then for those students who do not come from families with better resources, at least you help them to level up so that they get a chance to do well. How can Singaporeans adopt a less stressful approach to the PSLE? I like to make a distinction between status and stature. Status is about our relative importance or merit in comparison to other people, who might or might not be better than yourself; assessment sometimes will tell us about academic status. In contrast, stature is inherent, not comparative. It’s about doing the best that you can, and recognising your intrinsic potential. Assessment should also help us develop our stature, and not our status. I know from my own experience how a drop of status badly affects my confidence. I hope this for every teacher and parent: To think and work hard about raising the stature of your children, and not just try to raise their status. Conclusion My conclusion for this is that the PSLE should not be scrapped but should be changed to a better and less stressful exam. So, the format should be changed to one more like the O levels. In the O levels, how well you do within a grade does not matter, just as long you get that particular grade. Once you score an A1, you will not be disadvantaged when compared to a student who has scored A1 with a higher score. I think this should be the model system for the PSLE. Thus , I end my commentary and hope (emphasis) you have enjoyed reading it.

Coco Chanel’s Influence on the Apparel Industry Essay

Coco Chanel’s influence in the fashion industry began over a century ago during the 1920’s. Chanel embraced the essence of the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† which was all about becoming â€Å"someone† and separating yourself from the old and beginning a new life. Chanel focused on the newly found needs and desires of women and designed her fashion around what women had wanted. Not only did Coco Chanel pave the way for modern fashion, she also created innovative ideas using fabrics that were traditionally used for menswear. These fabrics were incredibly durable which allowed Chanel to construct new designs with less fabric than what would have been traditionally used. One of the major fabrics that Chanel included in her lines again and again was wool jersey. This fabric is comfortable and easy fitting, but at that time, had not been considered suitable for fashionable clothing. This was an incredible influence that Chanel had in the fashion industry because she s howed the world that wool jersey’s can be used in fashionable clothing. Coco Chanel also had created a modern spin on embroidery for women’s clothing. Instead of using more fabric, such as lace, Chanel decided to decorate the clothing using beading and embroidery. Coco Chanel also frequently accessorized her clothing with multiple strands of pearls, quilted handbags, sling-back ivory pumps with black toes and of course, her combination of jewels with sportswear. All of these accessories are still used to accentuate Chanel’s clothing present day and have also set Coco Chanel’s clothing apart from the rest from the very start. Chanel also changed the way women’s clothing looked on women. Prior to the innovation of Coco Chanel, a women’s body was split into two halves—upper and lower. Chanel modified this and found continuity and symmetry throughout the entire torso. Chanel is also known for â€Å"letting go of the waistline† and created the style which we currently see in fashion. This in itself shows how Coco Chanel has changed the fashion industry forever. Chanel created the â€Å"flapper look†, which we all think of when we think of the Roaring Twenties. The â€Å"flapper look† was defined by its masculine influence, which incredibly popular throughout the 1920’s. Coco Chanel became an icon in the 1920’s, and every woman wanted to be just like her. Coco Chanel became very slender and long, which caused all of her clients to lose weight. This is how the â€Å"boyish frame† of women’s bodies became popular in the 1920’s. Coco Chanel also cut off all of her long hair to create a classic bob. This caused Coco Chanel to look even more boyish. All of her clients soon adopted the hairstyle themselves, which caused Chanel to also have been responsible for the popularity of the bobbed haircut of the 1920’s. Because Chanel paved the way in the physical appearance of women throughout the Roaring Twenties, Coco Chanel designed her dresses to be fitted for slimness and length, included with a dropped waistline. Chanel’s biggest influence in the fashion industry is how she drastically changed the length of skirts worn by women in the early 1920’s. Shortly after the introduction of shorter skirts, Chanel developed the ever so popular â€Å"little black dress†. This became an essential garment for every woman to own, in the past, and present day. The development and introduction of the little black dress into society had the most powerful impact than any other garment ever introduced. This gave women a go-to outfit for all times, whether it was for work, a dinner, or a more casual look. The Chanel style hasn’t changed since the designer began designing clothing. Currently, the Chanel style still holds the traditional and classic â€Å"French chic† with a menswear feel through texture and fabric. The innovative ideas of the late Coco Chanel has paved the way not only through modern fashion, but has also created what we now consider a â€Å"classic† look. This can be seen as true because the Chanel look is the perfect go-to and will never go out of style. The classic Chanel style has been in style for over 100 years, which shows how influential the designer was. Chanel’s style are still relevant today with women all over the world purchasing the â€Å"little black dress† and tweed suits, which Chanel made famous. Chanel impacted the apparel industry in the most powerful way  possible—she defined the classic look, which will never go out of style. This shows how Coco Chanel has not only influenced the world of fashion, but that she is one of the most influential people in the fashion industry. It has been well over a century since her introduction in the fashion industry, and her name still lives on—stronger than ever.

Free Essays on The Odd Couple (female Version)

â€Å"The Odd Couple† (the Female Version) Marvin Neil Simon was born in the Bronx on July 4, 1927, and grew up near Manhattan. He attended New York University briefly (1944-45) and the University of Denver (1945-46) before joining the United States Army. Once in the Army, Simon began his writing career working for the Army camp newspaper. He later took a job in New York as a mailroom clerk for Warner Brother's East Coast office. Here he and his brother Danny began writing comedy revues and eventually found their way into radio and television where they worked with â€Å"stars† like Woody Allen, Mel Brooks and Larry Gelbart. They began writing for The Phil Silvers Show and Sid Caesar's Your Show of Shows. Simon received several Emmy Award nominations for his television writing and then decided to move on to the stage where he quickly established himself as America's most successful commercial playwright. He created a string of Broadway hits beginning with Come Blow Your Horn, Barefoot in the Park, The Odd Couple , Sweet Charity and The Star Spangled Girl. During the 1970-71 season, Broadway theatergoers had their choice of Plaza Suite, Last of the Red Hot Lovers, and Promises, Promises. Still, praise came slowly for Simon. Even having more smash hits than any other American playwright, critics continued to take pleasure in labeling him as a "writer of gags." In 1973, following the death of his wife, Simon reached a low point in his career with two failures The Good Doctor (1973) and God's Favorite (1976). A move to California, however, reinvigorated him and he produced a much more successful play later that year in California Suite. After marrying actress Marsha Mason, Simon went on to write Chapter Two (1977) which was considered by many to be his finest play at that point. His fourth musical, They're Playing Our Song, proved fairly successful in 1979, but his next three plays were all unsuccessful at the box office. Then, in ... Free Essays on The Odd Couple (female Version) Free Essays on The Odd Couple (female Version) â€Å"The Odd Couple† (the Female Version) Marvin Neil Simon was born in the Bronx on July 4, 1927, and grew up near Manhattan. He attended New York University briefly (1944-45) and the University of Denver (1945-46) before joining the United States Army. Once in the Army, Simon began his writing career working for the Army camp newspaper. He later took a job in New York as a mailroom clerk for Warner Brother's East Coast office. Here he and his brother Danny began writing comedy revues and eventually found their way into radio and television where they worked with â€Å"stars† like Woody Allen, Mel Brooks and Larry Gelbart. They began writing for The Phil Silvers Show and Sid Caesar's Your Show of Shows. Simon received several Emmy Award nominations for his television writing and then decided to move on to the stage where he quickly established himself as America's most successful commercial playwright. He created a string of Broadway hits beginning with Come Blow Your Horn, Barefoot in the Park, The Odd Couple , Sweet Charity and The Star Spangled Girl. During the 1970-71 season, Broadway theatergoers had their choice of Plaza Suite, Last of the Red Hot Lovers, and Promises, Promises. Still, praise came slowly for Simon. Even having more smash hits than any other American playwright, critics continued to take pleasure in labeling him as a "writer of gags." In 1973, following the death of his wife, Simon reached a low point in his career with two failures The Good Doctor (1973) and God's Favorite (1976). A move to California, however, reinvigorated him and he produced a much more successful play later that year in California Suite. After marrying actress Marsha Mason, Simon went on to write Chapter Two (1977) which was considered by many to be his finest play at that point. His fourth musical, They're Playing Our Song, proved fairly successful in 1979, but his next three plays were all unsuccessful at the box office. Then, in ...

The Flowers by Alice Walker Essays

The Flowers by Alice Walker Essays The Flowers by Alice Walker Paper The Flowers by Alice Walker Paper Essay Topic: Literature Growing up happens. It is almost inevitable to go through life and still look at the world through childish eyes. Our planet is composed of microscopic cells and atoms that are always in movement and in constant change. We, as humans, are also susceptible to this flow of energy. So we must mature and leave our ignorance behind. In Alice Walkers The Flowers, the author uses Myop, a ten year old African American girl, to illustrate this shift from childhood into adulthood. Myop begins her journey into maturity by something as simple as exploring the woods behind her house. She was a worry-free little girl, who was just enjoying a beautiful day of summer by picking up some flowers. This day becomes different from all the other times Myop and her mother had gathered nuts when she decides to make her own path (Walker, 4). To the reader, this is a clear sign that she is by her herself and is starting to make her own decisions, which is the first step to growing up. Standing up for oneself and following our own ideals are not necessarily rebellious actions, however. Myop does not try to prove a statement or disobey rules, but she does what seems right to her, which is creating a new path. Even though Myop had often been as far away from home before (Walker, 5), she had never been to this particular place. Naturally, her adventure into this new land stands for Myops first contact with adulthood and her transition from innocence into truth. She dislikes it and even attempts to return to the peacefulness of the morning (Walker, 6), but its a bit too late. Myop is not able to go back to the lost beautiful day, but is instead stopped by something unexpected. Changes and opportunities to develop our understanding levels do not present themselves with some sort of announcement. Consequently, Myops life changes when her heel becomes stuck in a broken ridge (Walker, 6). The action of Myop reaching down and liberating her foot can be representative of her dealing with the circumstance (in this case adulthood) and facing the consequences. The author also uses strong imagery to demonstrate why what looks as something as simple as stepping on something eventually changes Myops outlook on life. The most important piece of information is given when Myop realizes that the dead body she had stepped on, this African American male, had not died of natural causes, but had been hung from a tree instead. She discovers the noose and the other piece of rope hanging from the oak because she is first attracted to whats familiar and beautiful: the pink rose. As she tries to pick it up to add it to her collection, her eyes are opened and her innocence flees in an instant. She understands what had truly happened and the severity of the occasion. It no longer feels right to her to go around skipping and picking up flowers. She [lays] down her flowers (Walker, 8), symbolizing the loss of purity and fairy-tale reality. She lays down everything she knew and she finally acknowledges truth. Life is mysterious and the most decisive events happen very unexpectedly. It does not wait for perfect timing and it does not discriminate because of age or gender. We are constantly thrown into unknown directions and forced to react. The day that Myop took that walk through the forest her mind was opened to a new reality that had been foreign to her. She was obligated to lose her sweet ignorance, and the things that seemed fulfilling before lost their beauty.

Republic of Irelands economy over the past three years Essay

Republic of Irelands economy over the past three years - Essay Example However, this economic boom started slowing down in 2001, two years later it resumed and then in 2006 it slowed down again. Efforts in this essay will be directed towards the post 'Celtic tiger' years. (O'Kane, 2007) Between the years 2005 and 2006, the government was successful in maintaining economic growth. However, after 2006 to 2008, there was a reduction in the economy and there are numerous factors that caused these increase and reduction. Between 2005 and 2006, the economy hade resurgence because the government dealt with some of the problems the country had encountered before and this was aided by some external factors. At that time, (2005-2006), the rate of economic growth in Ireland was over four percent while other countries such as France, Germany and Italy in the European Union had economic growth rates of between one percent and three percent. Ireland had been struggling with Foot and Mouth Disease at a certain point but this was dealt with accordingly and by 2005 and 2006, the problem had been eradicated thus boosting sales in the primary sector. (Clinch et al, 2008) Another factor that contributed to this economic growth in the first year under analysis could be because of increases in property values. Consequently, there was greater employment in the construction sector. But other external factors also contributed to the high economic growth rate. ... It also produces Apple, IBM, and HP makes. Therefore technology is a crucial factor in Ireland's economy. Ireland was a strong economic partner to the United States; therefore any factors affecting its partnmers were likely to trickle down to the country. Four years ago, the US had experienced the September eleven attacks, but by 2005, this had reversed and led to US' economic recovery. The government also encouraged further investments in industry, science and technology between 2005 and 2006. This was seen by the numerous international firms that have set up branches in Ireland. One such company is Google; others are Intel, Abbott Laboratories and Bell Labs. In line with these developments, the Ireland government decide to establish a body known as Science Foundation Ireland which was formed to assist science bodies in the Republic. The government had created an SSIA savings scheme and funds had matured. Consumers had been cushioned in their expenditure and this boosted growth in the retail sector. (CIA, 2006) But in the years 2006 and 2008, there has been resurgence in economic growth. This could be as a result of a recession in property values. Because of availability of labour and growing demand for homes after the Celtic Tiger years, the Republic started building homes aggressively. By 2006, homes had reached 90, 000 which is almost half of what the UK has yet the ratio of populations between the UK and Ireland is 15:1. This means that by 2007 and 2008, there were excess homes compared to the demand. Rent declined and there was less income coming from that sector. Another factor that led to this decrease in economic growth was the expansion of the European Union. During 2007, Romania and Bulgaria entered

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Strategy - Essay Example t size, market growth rate, market share as well as market segmentation, clearly, all these are the strength that are enjoyed more by Merck company as compared to the competitor. The company needs to reexamine the top-down aspect in relation to bottom up perspectives as it operation strategy. The decisions that are made by the organization from the top are very important for the company (Hynes, Michael, 23). In order to be able to set general direction for the company, and ultimately influence the overall strategy of the company, then there is a need to interpret clearly the functional areas of the company, including operations, finances as well as marketing. Another very critical area that needs to be explored by the Merck Company is to balance the market requirement and the operations resources. The strategy that has been adopted by Merck needs to examine and reflect on what the company is actually doing in relation to what the market requires. From the analysis, the company is much focused on cost than any other